Which law primarily protects consumers from identity theft?

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is the law that primarily protects consumers from identity theft. This legislation establishes guidelines for how consumer credit information is collected, shared, and used. One of the key components of the FCRA is that it gives consumers the right to access their credit reports, which allows them to monitor their credit information for inaccuracies or fraudulent activity, thus giving them the opportunity to identify potential identity theft quickly.

The FCRA also mandates that credit reporting agencies take reasonable measures to protect the privacy of consumer information and requires them to investigate disputes regarding inaccuracies promptly. In the event that a consumer's identity has been stolen, the FCRA provides specific procedures, allowing victims to place fraud alerts on their credit reports and to dispute fraudulent information, further safeguarding their identity.

While the other laws listed serve important functions in the realm of consumer protection—such as promoting equal credit opportunity, ensuring truthful lending practices, and preventing housing discrimination—they do not directly address the issue of identity theft and the protection of consumers' personal information in the same way that the FCRA does.