What procedure involves examining public records to determine the legal status of real property?

The procedure that involves examining public records to determine the legal status of real property is a title search. This process is critical in real estate transactions as it ensures that the property in question is free of liens, claims, or other legal encumbrances that could affect ownership. During a title search, various public records, such as property deeds, tax records, and judicial records, are reviewed to uncover any potential issues that could impact the buyer's title to the property.

A clear title is essential for both the security of the buyer and for the lending institution providing financing. If any discrepancies or claims are found during the title search, steps must be taken to resolve those issues before the property can be sold or financed. This is why a title search is a fundamental step in the real estate closing process, ensuring that the buyer receives a legal title without outstanding disputes or complications.