What is a deed?

The correct choice is a written instrument conveying title to real property because a deed serves as the formal legal document that transfers ownership of real estate from one party to another. When a deed is executed, it typically includes information about the property, the parties involved in the transaction, and is signed by the grantor (the person transferring the property). This document becomes essential during real estate transactions, establishing a clear chain of title and helping to protect the legal rights of the new owner.

In contrast, other options reflect different concepts in real estate and finance. A record of loan payments tracks the borrower’s payment history but does not relate to property ownership. A report of credit history provides insights into an individual's creditworthiness, while an assurance of loan repayment refers to guarantees made regarding loan obligations, but none of these represent the act of transferring title itself. Therefore, the definition of a deed as it pertains to real property is central to understanding property law and real estate transactions.