What document confirms an individual's ownership of a property?

The deed is the critical document that confirms an individual's ownership of a property. It serves as the official legal instrument that conveys title from one party to another, effectively documenting the transfer of ownership. When a deed is executed and recorded with the appropriate county office, it provides public notice of ownership, thereby protecting the owner's rights to the property.

In contrast, while a title policy provides insurance against potential defects in the title, it does not in itself confirm ownership; it is a protective measure. A lease agreement outlines the terms under which a lessee can occupy and use the property but does not grant ownership rights. A security agreement relates to personal property or collateral for a loan and does not pertain to real property ownership. Therefore, the deed is the definitive document that establishes and proves property ownership.