For a mortgage to be valid and enforceable, it must be?

A mortgage must be signed by the borrower, known as the mortgagor, to be valid and enforceable. This requirement ensures that the borrower has consented to the mortgage agreement and acknowledges the terms outlined within it. The mortgagor's signature is essential as it signifies their commitment to repay the loan and understand their obligations, including the consequences of defaulting on the mortgage.

While other elements, such as notarization and recording, contribute to the effectiveness and public notice of a mortgage, they are not strictly necessary for the mortgage to be legally enforceable between the borrower and lender. The signature of the borrower is the foundational element that solidifies the agreement and provides legal standing in case of disputes. Without the borrower's signature, the mortgage lacks the necessary consent and, therefore, would not be enforceable.